فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، بهار 1393)

The peasant woman are the important factor in accomplishing the stable expansion of the villages. Reaching to an equal and static development in society without the consideration of the rustic woman of the country, will not be accessible. The presence of woman in social, economic activities and the planning for the expansion of their participation specifically in the economic fields is a required condition for reaching the stable development. For this reason, the aim of this article is the investigation of the role and extent of the woman contribution in developmental patterns of the village of Khorashad. This research is descriptive-analytic from the aspect of its nature and in its descriptive method, the data has been collected by the use of library studies and the field activities from the questionnaires. In the analytic method, by consideration of research hypotheses, the statistical tests of analytic variance and the test of Pearson correlating has been used. The statistical community in this research are the rustic woman of the Khorashad village that 65 people of woman has been computed by the use of Kokaran formula and questionnaires distributed among them. The findings of the research showed the higher and important role and status of the woman of the Khorashad village in the economic and social activities and their active and creative role and partnership in various steps of the expansion of Khorashad village. The woman of this village occupied themselves in more of the village activities (agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture, craft specially carpet making, the traditional cloth-weaving) in a way that the rural cooperation of the woman of the Khorashad village is one of the active rural cooperation which is known in the area of the South Khorasan province and it caused that the Khorashad village to be introduced as the first target village of craft industry of country form the cultural heritage organization, craft industry and tourism. More of the woman of the Khorashad village, from the level of educational studies are in the state of higher than average level and from the aspect of their educational level, there can be seen any kind of difference in the extent of their partnership in the village and for the reason of the prevalent culture in this village, the acceptance of multilateral cooperation of woman in the process of rural expansion is agreeable from the opinions of the men of this village.

The knowledge clan had a special position in the East of Iran from the far past that by reaching to the authority of Qajar rule, their status as a local governorship has been stabilized and strengthened. In spite of the existence of power struggle in this period between two superpowers of that era, that is to say, England and Russia, the flux of the East problem (The Great Game) and the contention of some local rulers with Qajar government, the family of Khazimeh not only continue to its survival, but also exceed their position and status. The inquiry of this research is the investigation of the reason of status retention of the knowledge clan still at the end of Qajar epoch in this region. The hypothesis of this writing is that there is two structures in the course of the Great Game. The first structure is the colonial powers like the Russia and England and the second structure is the central government of Qajar. The role of the knowledge clan is as an official agent, intermediator and balance establishers of the superpowers and the central government profits and this same function guarantees their survival and extension of their domain of power in this period.

The industry of carpet weaving in Birjand county returns to the far past. Genuine and various patterns is used for carpet weaving in this region like the custom pattern of Rizeh Mahi which is considered as a highly used designs in Birjand city in a way that this craft allocated the high percentage of exports products all to itself. The Rizeh Mahi Carpet consists of two parts like margin and texture. The texture of Rizeh Mahi carpet in this county implements in different forms but the marginal part of these carpets have a harmonious form with a specific designs. This paper attempts to investigate in a descriptive method the manner of margin planning and the existent drawing designs in it. Regarding the past record of the existing Rizeh Mahi carpets in this county from the 80 past years, the presented images in this paper also contains this chronological domain of time period. Data collection has been accomplished from a field and library method and by the use of interview, observation and photography instruments from the sample of Rizeh Mahi carpets. Also the findings of the present research will be indicated that in contrary to the variety of the texture of Rizeh Mahi carpets in this county, the designs of the margins of this carpets remains without changes. The only observable changes in the margin has been very small, uncomprehensive and limited in form that will be investigated in future.

The aim of conducting this research is the investigation of the role of translation activities in educating and learning of English language. The writers after a brief explication about the existent theoretical background represent an account from the relevant empirical evidences to the present paper. The accomplished methodology of this research is quantitative and descriptive and of measurable one. In this method the consequences has been obtained on the base of the statistical analysis of questionnaires by the use of SPSS software and from the statistical methods of descriptive and inferential ones. The individual participants in this research are the whole senior translation students of the University of Birjand consisting of 50 students who answered to the certain questionnaire with a suitable form and permanence. The used questionnaires evaluates the conceptions of the participants in the research about the role of translation activities in the improvement of the fourfold skills of linguistic. At the end, after the verification of normality of the data by the use of Q-Q Plot chart and the Shapiro-Wilk Test, the data has been analyzed by the use of single sample T test that the yielded outcomes shows the effective role of translation activities in educating and learning of English language.

The big Khorasan enjoys the ancient historic background in the history of Iran. By the study of written sources in the field of this territory before and after Islamic period, the place and special importance of this land in Iran history and the neighboring nations can be discovered. One of these reliable sources is the Shahnameh Ferdowsi. By the study of this magnificent work, the manner of the circumstances of Khorasan in the ancient times will be found and the past records of this territory will be manifested more clearly to us. It is said in Shahnameh-e Khorasan that in the historic and legendary periods, the Khorasan-e Shahnameh is the ancient Khorasan and the past narratives. The Khorasan in Shahnameh is the Khorasan of epic and myths that has been resistant and firm against the Turan. The history of this land has always been the scene of contentions and struggles from invading tribes and they has been called as Turanian and in many times the Iranian battles with this permanent enemies has been portrait in Shahnameh. It is very natural that as the consequences of this conflicts in some periods of time, replacements and interchanges in lines and borderlines has been occurred. This paper attempts to study the circumstance of Ferdowsi’s recitals from Khorasan and the mentioned cities in Shahnameh and by examination of these cities, the situation of Khorasan in different periods from the mythological and ancient times to the Islamic era can be investigated.

In the era of conquests, Khorasan was one of the favored centers of Arabs. The features like the geographical-regional position of Khorasan, the economic motivations and obtaining spoils of war, the Omayyad Caliphs’ avaricious and the remoteness and distances of the caliphate center from the numerous tribes like Tamim and Azad, draw the Bekr Ibn Vai’l and Abdolqheys out to this territory. This migrations commenced from the time of conquering this territory and traversed its growth from the era of Omayyad caliphate. The cultural consequences of this immigration can be observed in language ambitexpansion of the language of Farsi Dari (ancient Persian language) among the different classes of people, overturning of the local and native language dialects and the promotion of commerce and trades via the expansion of the Persian language-religion, customs and rules, marriage—prohibition of the kinship marriage among the Iranian aristocrats, the marriage of some Arabians with Iranian girls and the propagation of polygamy among the Arabs, the inhumation of the dead, commemorations and calendar.

This paper investigates the heroic tone of the convinced poet Ibn Hesam in the century of 9 Hegira and in contemporary with the Timurids era. In this direction and by considering the artifact background of Ibn Hesam in composing the first religious epic of Iran territory. At first the definitions of tone in two ambits of music and literature has been performed. Then also the general definitions of costumes and ritual poem has been introduced. Eventually by bringing some poetical evidences of this amorous poet to the teaching of the families and men of faith (peace be upon Him), the heroic tone in harmony with meaning and music has been revealed. These poems classified in five definite grounds so that the beauty of the selection of rhythm and diction by Ibn Hesam to be manifested in a best manner and because in his poems the eulogy, elucidation, the lamentation and praise each one of the religious leaders and Imams, has revealed the outstanding features of its heroic tone. It is hoped that by more scrupulous study of the works of this amorous and insightful poet, the religious poems to be known better so that to be more familiar with the damages that always threatens the poem and specially the ritual poems.